Journal: Life

Article Title: Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast

doi: 10.3390/life10060080

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Mean of chronological lifespan yeast (strain DBY746) calculated using the survival plots presented in . Percentage of viable cells was determined by the microcolony method on yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) plates as described by Hu et al. . ( b ) Production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) during aging process evaluated in young yeast (Y CTL) (on day 2 of cultivation) and aged yeast (A CTL) (on day 5 of cultivation) in absence or in presence of almond extract (AE, 1 mg/mL) or chlorogenic acid at 3 concentrations (CHL5, CHL10 and CHL25 corresponding to chlorogenic acid addition at 5, 10 and 25 µM, respectively). E -Resveratrol (RES, 10 µM) was used as control anti-aging drug. ROS/RNS production was evaluated using the dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) probe. Values are means ± standard deviations (SD) of 6 independent experiments. Different letters represent significant differences between the various extraction conditions ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CHL) and resveratrol (RES) standard was purchased from LGC Standard (Molsheim, France).

Techniques: Control, Extraction

Journal: Life

Article Title: Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast

doi: 10.3390/life10060080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of almond skin extract (AE) and CHL on SIR2 ( a ), SOD1 ( b ) and SOD2 ( c ) gene expression determined by RT-qPCR. Expression was normalized with TUB1 gene and expressed relative to young yeast cells (Y). Y CTL was young yeast (on day 2 of cultivation) and A CTL was aged yeast (on day 5 of cultivation). AE, almond extract (1 mg/mL). CHL: chlorogenic acid at 3 concentrations (CHL5, CHL10 and CHL25 corresponding to chlorogenic acid addition at 5, 10 and 25 µM, respectively). E-Resveratrol (RES, 10 µM) was used as control antiaging drug. Values are means ± standard deviations (SD) of 4 independent experiments. Different letters represent significant differences between the various extraction conditions ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CHL) and resveratrol (RES) standard was purchased from LGC Standard (Molsheim, France).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Control, Extraction

Journal: Life

Article Title: Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast

doi: 10.3390/life10060080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of AE and CHL on SIRT1/SIR2 ( a ) and total SOD ( b ) enzyme activities. Y-CTL was young yeast (on day 2 of cultivation) and A-CTL was aged yeast (on day 5 of cultivation). AE, almond extract (1 mg/mL). CHL: chlorogenic acid at 3 concentrations (CHL5, CHL10 and CHL25 corresponding to chlorogenic acid addition at 5, 10 and 25 µM, respectively). E-Resveratrol (RES, 10 µM) was used as control antiaging drug. In young yeast culture (Y), actual SIRT1/SIR2 enzyme activity was equal to 4564.4 FU/mg protein, whereas total SOD activity was 35.6 units/mg protein. The enzyme activity was expressed as a percentage of Y-CTL. Values are means ± standard deviations (SD) of 4 independent experiments. Different letters represent significant differences between the various extraction conditions ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CHL) and resveratrol (RES) standard was purchased from LGC Standard (Molsheim, France).

Techniques: Control, Activity Assay, Extraction

Journal: Life

Article Title: Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast

doi: 10.3390/life10060080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Survival and ROS/RNS production under UV-C-induced oxidative stress conditions. ( a ) Survival assay, plates were incubated at 28 °C for 3 d and the number of colonies was counted; excepted if mentioned CTL was DBY746 yeast subjected to UV-C stress. ( b ) ROS/RNS production was evaluated using the dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR123) probe. AE, almond extract (1 mg/mL). CHL: chlorogenic acid at 3 concentrations (CHL5, CHL10 and CHL25 corresponding to chlorogenic acid addition at 5, 10 and 25 µM, respectively). E-Resveratrol (RES, 10 µM) was used as control antiaging drug. Values are means ± standard deviations (SD) of 6 independent experiments. Different letters represent significant differences between the various extraction conditions ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CHL) and resveratrol (RES) standard was purchased from LGC Standard (Molsheim, France).

Techniques: Clonogenic Cell Survival Assay, Incubation, Control, Extraction

Journal: Life

Article Title: Almond Skin Extracts and Chlorogenic Acid Delay Chronological Aging and Enhanced Oxidative Stress Response in Yeast

doi: 10.3390/life10060080

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic view of the different ROS/RNS-induced oxidative damages to membrane lipids, proteins and DNA ( a ), and effects of AE and CHL on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels measured by TBARS assay ( b ), protein carbonyl contents determined by ELISA assay ( c ) and 8-oxo-Guanine formation determined by ELISA assay ( d ). AE, almond extract (1 mg/mL). CHL: chlorogenic acid at 3 concentrations (CHL5, CHL10 and CHL25 corresponding to chlorogenic acid addition at 5, 10 and 25 µM, respectively). E-Resveratrol (RES, 10 µM) was used as control antiaging drug. Values are means ± standard deviations (SD) of 6 independent experiments. Different letters represent significant differences between the various extraction conditions ( p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Chlorogenic acid (CHL) and resveratrol (RES) standard was purchased from LGC Standard (Molsheim, France).

Techniques: Membrane, TBARS Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Extraction